![]() ![]() ![]() In the 1860s early cutting devices were developed that resembled those on reapers and binders from these came the modern array of fully mechanical mowers, crushers, windrowers, field choppers, balers, and machines for pelletizing or wafering in the field. Hay cultivation: Until the middle of the 19th century, hay was cut by hand with sickles and scythes.Grain elevator: In 1842, the first grain elevator was built by Joseph Dart.In the United States, George Washington Carver brought his science of crop rotation to the farmers and saved the farming resources of the south. In the 18th century, British agriculturalist Charles Townshend aided the European agricultural revolution by popularizing a four- year crop rotation with rotations of wheat, barley, turnips, and clover. During the Middle Ages in Europe, a three-year crop rotation was practiced by farmers rotating rye or winter wheat in year one, followed by spring oats or barley in the second year, and followed by a third year of no crops. Crop rotation was practiced in ancient Roman, African, and Asian cultures. ![]() Different plant crops were planted in a regular sequence so that the leaching of the soil by a crop of one kind of nutrient was followed by a plant crop that returned that nutrient to the soil. Farmers avoided a decrease in soil fertility by practicing crop rotation.
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